“Lolita” by Vladymir Nabokov Essay

The relationship between Humbert Humbert and Lolita, is highly undefined. Many readers who have read Lolita find it to be based on â€Å"lust†, while others find Humbert to truly be in â€Å"love† with his Lolita. However, there is evidence that Humbert’s desire for Lolita is based on some obsessive-compulsive behavior which he cannot control, and therefore keeps returning for her. Humbert’s obsessions can be clearly recognized in his behaviors when looked upon in H. R. Beech’s Obsessional States and Andrew Brink’s Obsession and Culture: A Study of Sexual Obsession in Modern Fiction’s perception of what obsession is. Humbert’s obsessional tendencies are displayed in many passages through his descriptive word choices and his over bearing personality, such as when he describes Lolita after returning from camp to be, â€Å"†¦all rose and honey, ressed in her brightest gingham, with a pattern of little red apples,†¦with s cratches like tiny dotted lines of coagulated rubies, and the ribbed cuffs of her white socks were turned down.† Obsession can be a difficult subject because there is not a finite definition of what obsession really is. Who determines what obsession is? When does deep admiration pass and obsession begin? According to S. Jack Rachman â€Å"an obsession is an intrusive, repetitive thought, image, or impulse that is unacceptable or unwanted and gives rise to subjective resistance† (2). Furthermore, Andrew Brink states that â€Å"†¦the popular meaning of the term obsession, including the new verb ‘to obsess,’ which means to be persistently preoccupied about something, usually in an unsatisfactory relationship† (195). These similar definitions are important when looking at Humbert’s actions because his actions are perceived by these qualities. First, Brink argues that most people have an obsessional defense, and this defense is brought out of men due to their fear of women. More specifically, this defense mechanism is explained as the â€Å"internalization of bipolar impulses to both accept and reject the same attachment object†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (195). He further describes it as â€Å"†¦a defense in which the internalized mother is split into accepting and rejecting aspects by which the person gains quasi-independence from her by identifying with her.† (Nabokov, 112) This conception is demonstrated in Humbert’s relationship with Charolette Haze.  By Humbert describing Charlotte upon there first meeting with â€Å"the poor lady in her middle thirties, she had a shiny forehead, plucked eyebrows and quite simple†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nabokov, 37) Furthermore, Humbert states, â€Å"Had Charlotte been Valaria, I would have known how to handle the situation by merely twisting fat Valechka’s brittle wrist but anything of the sort in regard to Charlotte was unthinkable† (83) as a way of letting the reader understand his sense of fear, his lack of control, and his desperation to regain his feeling of control. In hopes of regaining his lost sense of control Humbert plots to kill Charlotte; with out her in his way Lolita would be his, and he would have full control over her. However, Humbert never went through with his scheme for the mere reason, â€Å"poets never kill† (Nabokov, 88) In accordance to Brink’s definition of obsession, Humbert seems to fall elusively into obsessional defense in the sense that obsessive men’s fear of women also manifests itself as control (196) Humbert’s tendency to be controlling throughout the novel leads the reader to believe he is obsessive. Throughout the novel Humbert remains in control most of the time, not only in control of the characters, but also in control of the readers. For example, Humbert tries to control the reader by making them believe his side of the story to be true: â€Å"Frigid gentlewomen of the jury!†¦I am going to tell you something very strange: it was she who seduced me† (Nabokov, 132). Humbert also tries to influence the therapists, stating, â€Å"I discovered there was an endless source of robust enjoyment in trifling with psychiatrists: cunningly leading them on; never letting them see that you know all the tricks of the trade; inventing for all them elaborate dreams,†¦teasing them with fake â€Å"primal scenes†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (34). Brink, commenting on this scene stated â€Å"the sadistic, controlling intent of this statement of knowing better than the therapist is typical of obsessional patients†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (102). Humbert has this need to feel he is in complete control. When the control is lost, a desire to retain his sense of dominance can overcome him. This is best presented to the reader as Humbert kills Quilty near the end of the novel. Although previously not taking the opportunity to kill Charlotte, Humbert has already lost his control over Lolita, his love, and therefore finds killing Quilty as a way of having some sort of control recuperated. Walking through Quilty’s house, previous to murdering him,  Humbert locked as many doors as he could, controlling where Quilty could retreat to. (Nabokov, 294) However, after the murder, while swerving back and forth along the road, Humbert is stopped by the police, and at that point gives up full control for insanity. (306-307) And therefore, upon los ing control it is discovered Humbert truly is obsessive. Humbert’s obsessiveness is also conveyed through the words he uses, and the descriptions he gives; his language conveys obsession. For instance, after Humbert’s first sexual encounter with Lolita he describes her as â€Å"brown, naked, frail Lo, her narrow white buttocks to me, her sulky face to a door mirror, stood arms a akimbo, feet (in new slippers with pussy-fur tops) wide apart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Nabokov, 137-138). By remembering such detail while in jail years after the incident it seems quite clear that Humbert had an obsessive nature. This is also conveyed when he describes Lolita as â€Å"naked, except for one sock and her charm bracelet, a velvet hair ribbon was still clutched in her hand; her honey-brown body, with the white negative image of a rudimentary swimsuit patterned against her tan† (125). Lolita is a very complicated novel to analyze due to the many interpretations made by different individuals. However, it is apparent that Humbert was suffering from some sort of obsessive disorder. It is apparent merely in what Humbert talks about and how he says it. There are few instances in the novel where Humbert is not speaking about Lolita or fascinating about having absolute domination over nymphets.

A Belief Essay

â€Å"I believe in God, the Father Almighty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  starts the famous Catholic prayer, the Apostle’s Creed. And this is how I will also start this paper. I am not a very religious person but I do believe in a Supreme Being, in God, in an invisible an invincible hand that has created everything there is in on earth. This belief of mine is probably one of the most difficult things to prove since no one has ever actually seen this God I am pertaining to. However, a lot of people share my belief and a proof of this is the many religions and religious sects all over the world.The world kneels down and prays. Most of us pray for ourselves, our families, our relatives, our neighbors, even for people we do not know, and even for our enemies. We say our graces before and after meals; we close our eyes and talk to God before we rest for the night; and we blurt out God’s name when we are caught up in extremely tough situations. Why do we do these things? It’s as if p rayers are our e-mails, text messages, or phone calls to the God we cannot see but can only feel.We believe that somebody out or up there actually will read through our messages and reply or someone will answer our calls to listen to our pleas and eventually grant our wishes and fulfill our dreams. Even for not-so-religious or not-so-spiritual people, a simple â€Å"Thank God! † or â€Å"Oh my God! † is already an indirect or subtle acknowledgment that indeed there is a God. But where is God? Is he a male? Is she a female? Who knows? What I know is that when I was a kid, my Mom would always warn me to be good because someone up there in heaven is watching over my actions.So I came to believe that God lives in the heavens, smiling every time I am obedient but frowning in times I am naughty. As I grew older, I knew about the church, the sacred place for worship. It is here where people honor and praise God. A united community gathers and celebrates God’s goodness. Prayers and songs of praise fill the air in glorifying God’s name. But still, no physical being comes down from heaven to join in the holy celebration. Now that I am much wiser, I am told that I can find God in my fellowmen – in my so-called brothers and sisters.God can actually be anyone from my Dad, to the cab driver, to my teacher, to a beggar, to a waiter, to whomever who does good deeds. God can be in disguise, in nameless faces, in unfamiliar places, in unexpected circumstances. Wherever happiness and goodness exist, God definitely exists. The Bible, which has existed since time immemorial, is a living proof of God’s divine existence. Just like us today, the earliest people have felt God’s presence in their lives. However, just like us as well, they only knew God as the creator, the Supreme Being, the higher one.Nobody knew God’s ways – how he/she looks, how he/she speaks, his/her mannerisms or hobbies, what have you. Except probably for films and TV shows that portray God either as an old man in a white shining robe or just plain white light, speaking in a mellow commanding voice, we know nothing of his/her true nature. What we know are the marvelous wondrous things God has done for us. I believe God knows what is best for each one of us that’s why we call him/her the great provider who gives us only the things – material or non-material, which we truly need.God is the hand that showers us with blessings. God is the light that guides every step or endeavor we take. God is the teacher who teaches us valuable lessons to learn in life. God is the kind heart that forgives all our shortcomings. God is the perfect epitome of how we should all live our lives. In my life, I always adhere to â€Å"To see is to believe. † But in the case of believing in God, not everything I do not see is unbelievable. I believe in God and will continue to do so. Why? Just simply call it faith.

Personal understanding of crime commission Essay - 1

Personal understanding of crime commission - Essay Example The high interest rates and his low income structure had caused him to miss the previous payment deadlines of the loan, and now, John had been threatened to pay back his loan in two days time or else violent measures would be used against him. John had been a good speech maker in his academic life. Because of his confidence and genuine speaking skills, he had represented his school and college in various debate competitions and had been the winner in a few of them as well. These skills can be attributed to his love for public speaking. Because of this, he had also liked creative writing and hence decided to pursue a career as a writer for a newspaper. John is in debt, and he must repay his loan within twenty four hours. Because he has not worked for one company for a long time, he is not counted as a loyal employee and cannot take a loan from the employer. Nor can he borrow from a family member or financial institution. The only option, therefore, left for him is to attain the required sum illegally. There are many illegal options for John that he could consider to achieve his $4000 goal. However, the limited time of just two days would make this task very challenging for him. He just has time to execute one single plan which should be big enough to get him to the $4000 mark. As John would begin to think about the possible ways to get the money, he would start to look within his immediate domain for the right option. The first option that he would have is to defraud his employer. He could try and get access to the accounts department and help his way to the money present. The problem with this approach, however, is that even a local newspaper printing company today, has a secure IT structure present within the company. Due to technological advancements, companies do not have to carry physical cash within their offices to run the daily operations. This means that John would need to have adequate IT skills

Comparison of the successes and failures of a movie version of a play Essay

Comparison of the successes and failures of a movie version of a play (The Merchant of Venice) - Essay Example For the duration of the film, the director shows the reality of each of the characters in line with the play and he does this from the very beginning. In order to create a situation where there is a contrast of characters that leads the movie into its climax, the director of the movie chooses an appropriate time to reveal the original plot to the audience. However, before the climax of the film, he uses the main characters’ personalities and other events to convince the audience that what they are viewing is the real plot of the film. By doing this, the director ensures that he maintains the element of surprise that will captivate his audience at the climax and this is almost exactly as Shakespeare did in his play and by being loyal to the script; the movie follows the same course of events as when it is performed on stage. While the main plot of the play is retained in the movie, the latter does not completely remain loyal to the script as seen where the roles of some charact ers is diminished in favor of others. In most of the film versions of the play, one will notice that the roles of some of the minor characters are completely removed and that some of their lines are given to other characters. In a way, this is perhaps done with the intention of reducing the budget of making these films but by doing this, the directors of the movies being created end up watering down the original plot. The failure to remain constantly loyal to the script of the play and the removal of some characters shows that the film versions of the play are mainly concerned about making money and for entertainment. Loyal followers of the play tend not to take the film versions seriously because unlike when the play is performed on stage, the audience is not as involved. In fact, one would go as far as to state that the film depiction of the Merchant of Venice is one which makes its loyal audience to feel isolated and not as a part of the development of the plot. This isolation or detachment can be considered to be a failure of the film version of the play, and the directors of future movie depictions need to do more to ensure that their movies are absolutely loyal to the original scrip (Vela)t. While, as stated above, the movie depictions of the play tend not to completely follow the original script, it is a fact that many of the main themes within the play are displayed. The theme of racism, for example, is as prevalent within the movie as it is within the play and this creates a lot of tension in the movie as it would if performed on stage. Both the stage and film versions of the play display a setting where Christians were most distrustful of those who practiced Judaism and this is manifested in diverse ways throughout these depictions, especially through the depictions made of the Shylock, the main Jewish character. In both of depictions, Shylock is displayed as an evil, greedy, and vengeful man whose main aim throughout the play is not only to seek rev enge but also to maximize the profits of his business as much as possible. In addition, the fact that in the Venice of the Middle Ages, women were considered to be secondary citizens is also shown as seen when Portia has to dress and act as a male lawyer in order to get to defend her fiancee.

China and Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

China and Globalization - Essay Example Similar to other developing nations, China has been affected vastly by the advent of globalization which is often argued to be comparatively more rigorous than in the context of other countries. Globalization has helped China in achieving various economic opportunities such as resource accumulation, capital inflow and labor outflow to contribute to its socio-economic growth prospects (Hangzhou and Hong Kong. â€Å"Could A Chinese Internet Business Become the World’s Most Valuable Company†). The country had also witnessed various challenges in terms of sovereignty and ideological diversity when developing with the advent of rapid globalization. Critics often argue in this regard that China has learnt to turn its economic lacunas into advantages with the help of the globalization. According to the survey report of the World Bank on global development, China’s accelerated growth has ‘helped to drive the recovery in the East Asia’ by a large extent (Keit h, â€Å"Buying up the World, The Coming Wave of Chinese Take Over†). Focusing on the recent economic developments in China, it can be affirmed that globalization effects have imposed its vital impressions over China’s economy. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of China is increasing continuously on a year-on-year basis. China entails the 32nd largest power with respect to its trade prospects (Shenzen. â€Å"The Company That Spooked the World†). For instance, China’s economy, as compared to the Japanese context and other similar nations is much more open and advanced facilitating global traders to operate with the nation and thus facilitate national income substantially. As the records depict, the national income of China, earned from international trade accounts around 70% of its total GDP. In this context, it has been further revealed that the globalization of China does not confine to the opening of economy rather it confines to the globalization of the institutions trading within China. In accordance with the advent of globaliza tion, China has adopted the foreign technologies as well as the techniques of the corporate management related to the foreign terms. China has also adapted the various foreign institutions as well as the international accounting standards aptly in accordance with its economic limitations and growth needs. The important and the advanced change that globalization brought within China relates to the western concept of the rules related to the law which in turn, with the blend of Chinese traditional ideologies have widened the nation’s development prospects largely (Shenzen. â€Å"The Company That Spooked the World†). As reported in The Economist, China has adopted three basic steps to merge smoothly with the globalization imposing inevitable impacts over the world economy and the market scenario. The frank pro-globalization stand, the reformist approach and the attitude of fight back globalization have further accumulated with the rise of China as a world power in global politics. The need for this attitude by the Chinese economy was basically to sustain within the competitive scenario where globalization effects were observed to be posing a fast and advanced impact over the country’s economy. It is in this context that globalization has provided long-term benefits to China with respect to various aspects. In the aftermath, with the enhanced resource availability as facilitated with the globalization effects, the domestic industry in China became more efficient and effective which ultimately helped the nation to ensure competitiveness towards the foreign industries by accepting the legal as well as the regulatory framework with regard to the modern management in an open and

TQM Strategy & Toolkit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

TQM Strategy & Toolkit - Essay Example rts as it can be used for identifying organizational procedures, ideas, cause and effect matters and business statistics that are related to the business organization. This piece of research work is an attempt to examine the relevance and organizational significance of Total Quality Management with relation to the case of Financial Collection Solutions and Services (FCSS). This paper identifies most appropriate TQM tools that can help the company develop its software based business of credit cards and other payment solutions. The concept of Total Quality Management and its importance in the business and economy have dramatically increased in recent years because it has been considered to be an effective strategy that can help managers to become accustomed to the changes in both technology and changing customer attitudes as well customer demands. When the business contexts continue changing and are challenged by innovative and technological advances, the business must be able to adjust with changes and to provide goods and services according to the changing business contexts. Customers, competitors, employees and stakeholders all are putting maximum pressure on managers to quickly innovate and change the business route. Total Quality Management is one approach that has emerged to meet these changing forces. This approach also has been termed as Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) and Leadership Through Quality (LTQ) (Brown and Harvey). One of the very basic tasks and objectives of the management is to achieve quality in the business. According to Peter F Drucker, a business must be able to create a customer in a way that it can satisfy him by providing some product or services that he wants (Burril and Ledolter, 1999). A business can be said to have achieved the required ‘quality’ when it provides excellent products or services with required attractiveness, with no defects, and with reliability and long term dependability. Customers demand high value and

Celebrities Endorsement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Celebrities Endorsement - Essay Example Within the advertising arena, celebrity endorsement has created a global phenomenon of product acceptance through the successful promotion of brands that virtually influences fans associating with a specific celebrity. In addition, these types of advertisements are associated with good memory among recipients and product consumers as remembering celebrity advertisements is very easy as compared to normal advertisements. Even though the art of celebrity endorsement appears to have many advantages, it is wise to note that the art has a number of risks that may not seem very serious, but may affect a brand. The essence of introducing celebrities into the advertising arts is mainly to act as selling points or advertising tools for firms and marketers. However, this good will might be overturned in the event that they overshadow the promotion and end up promoting themselves. In addition, the advertised firms or products might be exposed to direct exposure of harm and thus having a negativ e impact to the brand’s character.Celebrity endorsement in advertising is not a new topic as the last few years the art has rapidly grown to form a major marketing communication strategy practiced by major firms in carrying out branding and promoting a corporate image.Celebrity branding presents itself as a type of advertising through which celebrities become ambassadors of firms or products and use their status in the society to win people by endorsing and promoting their respective advertisements.

Gang Culrure - Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gang Culrure - Methodology - Essay Example The researcher included all individuals regardless of any sort of difference between them, such as, religious, ethnic, racial, and gender differences. The researcher aimed to get an insight into factors that promote formation of gangs among youth. The researcher included participants based on following criteria: (a) age limit of 12 tom 18 because this is the age when the risk of joining gangs to get favors is at the highest level, (b) current or past involvement in gangs, (c) people who had faced some sort of harassment in past, (d) people having good social acceptance, (e) people showing good school performances. The ethical consideration for this particular research topic was the privacy of information provided by the participants. The researcher took all participants in confidence by ensuring them that their personal information would not be used elsewhere. The researcher conduced a longitudinal study to determine the differences between people who are part of a gang and those who are not. The subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire that was mainly designed to investigate the reasons behind formation of groups and the differences between in-gang and not-in-gang people. Data gathered from these surveys provided the researcher with important information regarding the issue. The questionnaire was prepared using Likert scale model and was distributed among participants through emails. The questions included in the questionnaire were good enough to obtain required information. There was no bias in the questions as all of them were general and were meant to gather a particular set of information. Some of the main questions included in the questionnaire were: These questions were very helpful in getting relevant information about the thoughts and behaviors of people who are part of gangs. The researcher evaluated the questionnaires to determine if modification would be necessary for further study. The

Case analysis Montego Bay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case analysis Montego Bay - Essay Example In order to protect her store and keep her employees motivated, she agrees with Theresa Daley, operations director for Montego Bay, to test a new computerized scheduling system, which is expected to reduce payroll costs and improve productivity. Mahoney learns that the new system has several benefits; however, she is also weary that this system will disrupt the collegial and productive work environment she had created in the store. A careful examination of the business’ status shows that Mahoney, as a manager, has failed to create and maintain a working environment that motivates her employees. Motivation amongst employees improves the quality and productivity of work, since employees are triggered to work towards achieving a common goal. This paper describes how Mahoney can create a working environment that will motivate her employees by examining some theoretical perspectives on motivating employees. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is one of the theories that managers apply to create a working environment that motivates workers. This theory describes how people fulfill a range of personal needs in the context of their work. Maslow postulated that there is a common pattern of needs identification and satisfaction, which many people follow in the same sequence (Kaufman, 2004). According to this theory, a person has to satisfy the low-level needs (physiological and safety) before he or she pursues upper-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization). Most employees usually have problems articulating what they want from a job. Mangers should, therefore, offer different incentives to workers so as to help them identify and satisfy each need in turn, and progress up the hierarchy. Mahoney, as the store manager, should recognize that her employees have different needs, and not all are motivated in the same way, and all do not move up the hierarchy at the same pace (Kaufman, 2004). Her duty is to adapt and change her style to fit the employees†™ needs, other than forcing them into something they are not. In addition, she has to test different techniques with every employee in order to determine which ones are considered effective, and which ones are not. The employees should be encouraged to follow their own self interests, which motivate them to pursue higher level needs and improve the quality of work. The workers should be motivated to higher levels of individual commitment and personal expectations. As an employee progresses though an organization, his employer should supply opportunities to satisfy high level needs on Maslow’s pyramid (Montana & Charnov, 2008). Another important theory of worker’s motivation is Herzberg’s motivator –Hygiene theory. Herzberg suggested hygiene factors, which do not create or motivate satisfaction and â€Å"motivators†. These include interpersonal relations, salary, supervision, working condition, and company policy (Montana & Charnov, 2008). Accordi ng to this theory, absence of dissatisfies can create job dissatisfaction, but their presence does not create or motivate satisfaction. Herzberg, therefore, established from a data that motivators are elements that enrich a person’s job. He came up with five motivators, which were strong determiners of job satisfaction: responsibility, achievement, advancement, recognition and the work itself. The hygiene factors constantly produce only short-term changes in job performance and attitude,

Musical Instrument Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Musical Instrument Museum - Essay Example The yangqin is a commonly used Chinese musical instrument because it was present in the three episodes and also at the museum. Yangqin is a dulcimer, and people play it using bamboo mallets pair rubberised on one end. It is played by hitting the string with the rubberised end, but the mallets can be used through being turned over to create a sharper note. In playing some Chinese song, the player holds the mallets vertically and makes the use of the other end or the use of hands to pluck. Yangqin is referred to as a versatile instrument because it is able to play arpeggios or rapid running tunes. Liuqin was also available in the museum and at the three episodes. This instrument is referred to as a soprano range lute. Liuqin has two sound holes located at the side of the body. The instruments also look similar to pipa but has is smaller. Liuqin has four strings that are turned G3-D4-G4-D5. The instrument just like guitar is played using the plectrum. An individual can change the pitch by pressing slightly above the frets of the instrument. It is a soprano instrument because it has a bright and penetrating sound. The range of liuqin is similar to the violin.Pipa is another instrument that was present in the museum as well as in the three episodes.Pipa has been associated with imperial songstresses and concubines at teahouses since it conveys the stereotypical demure damsel image. Pipa does not have the sound hole, but this does not limit it from producing musical sound just like other plucked string instruments.

Face-to-Face Communication Is a Better Way of Communication Essay Example for Free

Face-to-Face Communication Is a Better Way of Communication Essay Imagine that your sweetheart keeps talking to you through telephone, the Internet or letters and refuses to meet you face to face even for a meal, what will you do? If I were you, I must be getting crazy! But things like this often happen in nowadays’ society. With the development of communication industry, people are getting used to various so-called fast ways of communication. Personally, however, no matter how fast and convenient those other communication modes can be, I think we should never abandon the most original way of communication—face-to-face communication, which is more vivid, interactive and easier for us to promote relationships with others. Face-to-face communication can make it more fun and vivid to talk to others, because it contains much more nonverbal languages than other ways of communication. When you talk to a person face to face, you make eye contacts with each other, by which both of you can exchange your inside emotions. Furthermore, by observing the person’s gestures, you can also dope out his personalities and decide what kind of person he is. And maybe the least important one is that, as the old saying goes,† all men search for beauty†, you can view the appearance of the person you are talking to, which might cause you rub out the birth of love if both of you are satisfied with each other’s appearance. All of these make it attachable for us to feel the person we are talking to is a real and touchable individual. There are times when you have to deliver exact information to other people, and at such times face-to-face communication will be your first choice, because it creates an interactive and efficient conversation. Firstly, when you are talking to a person face to face, both of you can raise questions about anything you can’t understand, so that the other person involved can explain it clearly in time, which contributes a lot to eliminate the misunderstandings and barriers of your communication. Secondly, a person’s tone and voice can suggest his present mood, which can make it easier for you to perceive his subtle changes of emotion. Finally, in face to face communication, you can tell whether the words the person spoke are authentic through observing his facial expression , which can also ensure that the person you are talking to is a faithful one. All of these can make your talking more successful and efficient especially when you are negotiating with someone. Maybe the biggest advantage of face-to-face communication s that it can deepen your relationship with others, because it can kill the distance among people. When communicating face to face, you can see the smile on the person’s face, which will make you feel warm and kind; you can hug each other when you’re getting excited; and even a handshake can make you feel the respect from the other person. All that can make you get closer to each other, which may be hardly made attachable by communicating through telephone or e-mail. For instance, we are far away from home as college students, even if we call our parents almost everyday, we still feel homesick and lonely. Why? Because telephone can never make us feel as close as meeting each other face to face. And so does it among friends, if we don’t meet each other face to face as often as possible, we will soon feel that our relationships are getting cold. In conclusion, with all factors taken into consideration, I totally agree that face to face communication is better than any other type of communication. Now, try to communicate with people face to face and you will find it more colorful and efficient than calling others through telephone or greeting each other just by sending an e-mail!

Work Life Balance By Women Employees Social Work Essay

Work Life Balance By Women Employees Social Work Essay Introduction To understand the need of work life balance, one first needs to understand about work life imbalance. With the understanding of the origin, causes and effects of this imbalance, the balancing act becomes easier. Todays corporate world is exceedingly demanding and the work culture varies from one organization to another organization. Today the deadlines are getting tighter and an individuals job is not only to match that deadline but also to give quality output, due to this work pressure it becomes difficult for women to balance work and family life. In every individuals life there are four stakeholders-own personality, job, family and society. It is very important to give equal importance to all the stakeholders. A person who is a workaholic and does not enjoy ones family life cannot be termed a successful person. When a life encounters such imbalance then the peace and harmony of life vanishes and there is an adverse effect on the work life too. To avoid such situation one should always try to avoid this imbalance in life. The transition from work life imbalance to work life balance has obvious benefits to an organization and its employees. Balanced nature of work enables increase in productivity and efficiency of employees. Better teamwork and communication offer a conductive environment, which leads more work commitment and develop organizations strong value system. Review of Literature According to Chiang Hui-Yu, Noriaki Mamiko Takeuchi (2008) In this paper, we explore the relationship between work-life balance policies and three outcomes of interest to employers and employees: the job tenure of women employees, turnover rate of women employees and retention rate of new women graduates. In the cross sectional analysis, we find that firms with work-life balance policies such as the full amount of maternity pay practice and flextime system are positively associated with the job tenure of women employees. We also find that the full amount of maternity pay practice has an effect on retention rate of new women graduates. However, we canft find the relationship between maternity pay practice and job tenure of women employees in fixed effects. Even though our hypothesis just receives partial support, our results still suggest that work-life balance policies such as the full amount of maternity pay and flextime system can produce positive outcomes for both employers and em ployees. This thesis describes the impact of women entering the workforce after 1970 on work/life balance issues. I have argued that women entering the workforce after 1970 held a different perspective from their predecessors: they believed they could develop a career as robust as their male counterparts while sustaining active engagement in personal life. This perspective created a paradigm shift in organizations, which had previously precluded the family as a stakeholder. I have discussed the business environment from the 1960s to 2006 by reviewing several well established business theories. Empirical data has been presented supporting my thesis, interspersed with collateral material in the form of anecdotes, which demonstrate the efforts of this new generation of working women to build a successful work/life balance model. Often, these women were motivated solely by their anger at a dysfunctional system and resistant stakeholders, which compromised their success by seeing the world through a linear lens rather than as a dynamic reality. This thesis was written for women who participated in an experiment in change and, hopefully offers a cathartic evaluation of the inextricable link of work and family. (Denise Horner Mitnick 2007). Work-Life Balance is increasing interest in academic literature, legislation and public sector. It is meaningful daily achievement and enjoyment in life. Organizations have started introducing various schemes to attract, retain employees and productivity. Majority employers support the work -life balance concept. Women have prepared themselves for careers. Since 2005 the MSRTC started appointment of women bus conductor. Women have performs their duties as bus conductor and domestic work. To know the general opinion of the women bus conductor towards their personal and work life is the main objective of this study. Sample size is 20 percent of total women bus conductors. Structured questionnaire is used for survey of women bus conductors. 89 percent of the women bus conductors spouses are employed. 57 percent of women bus conductors accept that, they are able to balance personal and work life. Achieve the balance between paid employment and personal life is important to women bus cond uctor. Work-Life Balance is a joint responsibility of employers and employees. Women bus conductor should plans, prioritize and schedule as efficiently as possible. Employers can facilitate work life balance with many schemes that can attract employees and satisfy their needs. (PROF. B. S. KADAM 2012). Research Methodology Objectives of the study: Identifying how women can balance both the work life and personal life. Identifying the reasons behind the women employees opt-out phenomenon? Data collection The primary data is gathered by administering a questionnaire to the employees of IT and ITES companies in the Bangalore city of Karnataka. The questionnaire contains 50 questions in all, encompassing vital dimensions related to the study area. The secondary data is gathered from different Journals, books, articles, websites, internet. Sampling The sample chosen for this study is the women employees of IT and ITES Companies, located in Bangalore city of Karnataka. The sampling method adopted for this study is Non-Probability sampling method in which Convenience sampling method is used. Totally 65 Questionnaires were distributed to the employees. Out of which only 60 were the completely filled in questionnaires. The sample questionnaire was electronically mailed, sending a detailed explanation of the purpose of the study. Respondent professionals, on being convinced that the purpose of the survey was purely academic in nature, were given the option of mailing the filled in questionnaires. Windows tools such as MS word and MS Excel were used for data analysis and interpretation. Results: Demographics Organization Type IT 65% ITES 35% Shift Day 65% Night 35% No.of Children 0 15% 1 25% 2 50% 3 10% Working days 5 85% 6 15% This survey includes 65% of IT employees 35% of ITES employees. The same percentage of employees work in day and night shifts. 50% of the employees have two children, whereas 25% has only one child, 15% of the employees have no children yet and only 10% of the employees have three children. When we observe more number of software employees prefer to have only two children. 85% of the employees are working 5 days a week, whereas only few employees said they have to work 6 days a week. In most of the cases it should be only 5 days a week. Organizational policies: Agree Disagree Flexi timing Work from home Time off for family emergencies and events Reduced work hours Time off facility during school holidays Compresses week hours Have a baby care center Job sharing Maternity leave availability 75 65 70 65 10 10 25 60 100 25 35 30 35 90 80 75 40 0 Maximum numbers of employees are accepting that the organizations are offering them the Flexi timing, only few employees said they dont have that facility. Nearly 35% of the employees felt they are not given an option to work from home in their organization. Only 65% of the employees said they have such facility. The study shows that most of the ITES employees do not have this option. Nearly 70% of the employees agree that they have time off for family emergencies and events. Only 30% of the employees expressed their dissatisfaction. Most of the respondents do not have time off facility during school holidays. Employees have shown their dissatisfaction even for the factors like compressed week hours and having a baby care center in the premises of the organization. Most of the organizations are not providing these facilities. Employees expressed their satisfaction that job sharing facility is provided in the organization and 100% of the employees agreed that they are provided with the maternity leave. They can avail it and have no problems regarding the maternity leave. Support from the spouse Agree Disagree He understands me We share household things We share the responsibility of children He never leaves all the things on me 70 85 85 75 30 15 15 25 Support of the spouse is crucial for any family. Women can reach greater heights in career if the spouse supports her. The present study shows that 70% of the employees are getting their spouse support, while the remaining 30% of the employees have disagreed. 85% of the employees agreed that they share all the household things. If you observe sharing the responsibility of the children, it is quite ok that both are sharing it and it has been accepted by the maximum number of respondents. Few employees expressed their disagreement regarding their problems with their spouse. Support from others Yes No My in-laws will help me in taking care of my children My parents will help me n taking care of my children I leave my children in a day care center I take the help of a maid to take care of my children 25 20 30 30 75 80 70 70 To look after their children women employees are depending on their-in-laws and parents. Nearly 25% of the employees said that they take the help of their in-laws to look after their children. 20% of the employees are depending on their parents and the employees who do not have this facility are leaving their children with the day care center and 30% of the employees are leaving their children in the house by appointing a maid. These days most of the employees are depending either on the day care centers or on the maids to look after their children, as most of the families are nuclear families and t is difficult to have elders in the family. Support from the office staff (Superior and peer group) Agree Disagree My superior is very supportive I never had any problem with my colleagues My team members are very supportive I never come across any negative attitude from my manager My superior and colleagues supports me in the time of emergencies My superior never asks me to work overtime I never had any stress because of work 65 65 70 70 85 65 35 35 35 30 30 15 35 65 In the organization when the superior is not good, employees can never be satisfied. When a little bit of support is extended by the superior and colleagues women employees can happily balance both work and life. For the questions the response rate is almost 65% for the factors like support from superior, colleagues and team members. 70% of the employees are agreeing that they never have come across any negative behavior of the manager. Nearly 85% of the respondents said that they have the support of their superior and colleagues in the time of emergencies. In spite of all these support, few respondents said that their superior will ask them to work overtime sometimes. Most of the respondents said that they had stress because of work. Fulfilling Family and Work Responsibility Agree Disagree I never neglected my family because of work I am able to maintain both work and family happily I thought of leaving my job to maintain my family responsibilities I always achieve my targets I never missed my deadlines in completing my work I never mind resigning my job when my family demands it 60 60 10 85 70 45 40 40 90 15 30 55 60% of the respondents agreed that they never neglected their family because of work and they can handle both the work and family happily. Surprisingly only 10% of the respondents agreed that they thought of leaving their jobs to maintain their family. 85% of the respondents are able to achieve the targets. Nearly 70% of the respondents said that they never missed their deadlines and the remaining 30% of the employees are missing the deadlines and are facing the difficult in maintain both work and family. For the statement resigning for the job when family demands, the response rate nearly half. 45% of the respondents agreed they thought of resigning their jobs for the sake of family. Other issues Agree Disagree I had a problem with traveling I feel career break is necessary to handle children/elders My children had no complaints about me 55 60 65 45 40 35 Half of the respondents agreed that travelling is the major problem they are facing. And they even agreed that career break is necessary to women to handle children and elders. Nearly 65% of the employees said that their children are happy with them, and have no complaints towards the parents. Findings Most of the organizations are providing the flexi timing, work from home and time offs for emergencies and job sharing. The organizations are also providing them with reduced work hours if necessary. As the time has changed even the role of men in India is also changing. Previously the house hold and childrens responsibility is completely in the hands of women. But with the changing trends even it has changed. If we look at the percentages, they show that the men are helping women in household things and also in taking care of their children. If any employees have got support from the superior and her colleagues, then they are the luckiest. It seems now a days employees understand each other problems. So they are cooperative with each other, because it is not just the womens problem; even men have the same situations in their families. Most of the respondents were satisfied with their work-life balance and about 70%felt that Indian organizations have flexible policies for employees that allow them to maintain work- life balance. This is because of the necessity present day situations demand from every employee. As more women are added to the labor force, their share is about 48% and the mens share is about 52%. Because of this the competition between men and women is increasing and the women are tending to work equally with men. Because of this, many women are mostly full time services and are working 8 hours per day and 5 days in a week minimum and are confronted by increasing workload every day. So, most of them carry work and responsibilities to home. A majority of the respondents opined that women should resume their careers with short breaks after the maternity leaves, as everyone knows that to have comfortable lifestyle both the spouses must work. Suggestions It is clear from this that it is difficult to maintain family and work simultaneously, but the necessity demands. As the strength of women employees s increasing and as they are working on par with the men employees considering even their needs and providing them is the main responsibility of the organizations. If there is no proper work life balance, it may have negative impact on work and life satisfaction, on the well-being, mental health, and physical health and on individual performance in organizations. It is even proved by many research studies conducted by various researchers that even though many companies are offering work-life programs to their employees, they are not utilized properly by the employees. The low utilization of work-life balance programs will end up with less job security, and hinders the future career prospects of the employees. But balancing between these two complex situations in the present day fast life requires talent, tact, skill and caution. Almost 50-55% of the women are struggling to achieve work life balance. Women have to cope up with high work targets, office commitments, tight meeting schedules and the duties and responsibilities of life at home. The best thing women have to do is de-stressing herself. Sure, its easier said than done. A degree of stress enables creative people scale new heights. But one must manage stress so it can enrich and motivate, not to result in high blood pressure. If women have balanced stress levels she can easily manage both work and life. Planning the weekends properly will reduce so many tensions. So, plan it with family, friends, or else make fun in house with children. This will reduce the feeling of not taking care of the family, and even children will not have any complaints. It is known from many research works that even though flexi timing option is available most of the employees never use it. If the flexi timing option is available women should use them appropriately. Conclusion For working women, getting caught in the work and life balance trap will continue to be an ongoing challenge. Careful planning and personal effort is the advice from those who have found balance in both career and home life. As one respondent summarized, Plan, prioritize and schedule as efficiently as possibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and dont be afraid of hard work! work-life balance is a persons control over the conditions in their workplace. It is accomplished when an individual feels dually satisfied about their personal life and their paid occupation. It mutually benefits the individual, business and society when a persons personal life is balanced with his or her own hob. The work-life balance strategy offers a variety of means to reduce stress levels and increase job satisfaction in the employee while enhancing business benefits for the employer. In our increasingly hectic world, the work-life strategy seeks to find a balance between work and play. A sentence that brings the idea of wo rk life balance to the point is: work to live. Dont live to work.

Custom Made Apparel and Individualized Service at Lands End

Custom Made Apparel and Individualized Service at Lands End Many company uses the website as well as outlets and catalogs as ways of selling their products directly to the customers. At the beginnings since it has founded in 1963 in Chicago, Lands Ends website offered only limited products, however by the time the site offers every Lands End products such as clothes whether they are sports or uniforms for women, men and children, luggage, overstocks, shoes and home furnishings. As of recent, the company has had success with its Custom Clothing line. The ordering process is not sophisticated through the companys web site; a customer would answer a variety of simple questions regarding his or her body type and style preferences in order to create the perfect shirt or pants. The order is processed through a sophisticated technology system, which sends the appropriate information to the respective destinations. Lands End operates on the way that tries to achieve the best services and products for the customer. As a result, customers have learned to expect a high level of service at all times; from the beginning of the order, to receiving help and advice, to speedy shipping, and further follow-up when necessary. It is increasingly becoming larger every year as well as making itself known a lot more on the internet as well. However, catalogs do and probably will for the rest of their lives continue to be the first in their marketing strategies; although it costs less when they bring customers to its file through e-commerce. Also the company is now also selling its products at Sears stores; most of their sales come from within their products being sold at Sears stores because by the fall of 2003, the company lines were to be available in all Sears full line stores. Sears Roebuck acquired Lands End in 2002 then they were bought by Kmart Holdings which is currently Sears Holdings. Key issues: It faces some challenges in increasing its marketplace; Lands End felt a growing need for enhancing and developing its marketing strategies, multi-channel marketing campaigns, and a shifting management focus from product-centric ( customization ) to customer-centric strategies. Their end goal was to increase customer loyalty with the intent of increasing revenue. So, the have some issues or challenges in maintain their competitive advantage in its industry regarding its product category and price. For example, the existing and new competitors like Amazon and Sears could threaten its brand name and position in marketplace and the appropriate use of IT to sustain its competitive of advantage in the light of up coming new technologies and trends. Analysis and Interpretation: Who are the stakeholders that should particularly involve in this case? and that have the major influence to measure the companys strengths and weakness. There are two main stakeholder groups that deal with Lands End. The customers and the investors. The customers are the people who drive all the sales through buying the apparel. They also have the greatest affect through having their feedback about the store as well as the web site. So, without the internet, the customers satisfaction would not be existing and could not be measured or investigated by the investors to manage operational aspects of marketing campaigns through achieving the alignment between business strategy and IT strategy. So, the internet acts as a major advertisement because it contains all their financial information and since the company is so successful. The criteria that categorized Lands End as a leader in marketing are quality of products, commitment to services and customization through its effective website. This can be defined as its strengths or its powerful guarantee to develop customer relationships and business communication to increase sales and market share. Website (customization-website-customer service) The web site itself is particularly easy and makes the shopping unique, interesting , easy and attractive. The web site design is organized regarding ordering online process, its exciting products because it presents variations and manufacturing a variety of similar but individualized. This is an example of a good companys position and strategic methods because it supports and maintain customer loyalty as Lands Ends senior vice president for e-commerce said customer loyalty to our custom tailored clothing has surprised me. The level of feeling that customers have is amazing. This is particularly true for women. Once they get a pair of jeans to fit some will order every color in every fabric ( Piccoli, 2007 ). Some of the advantages of customization are building and maintaining customer loyalty, pricing and avoiding physical scanning and body measurement if they go to the shop. (My Virtual Model) is one of the company innovative shopping tool. According to it, customers can create a 3 -D model of themselves by providing critical measurements, which are then applied to the individuals personal Virtual Model. Once a virtual model is created the customer can use it to try on items to see how they will look on his or her body. Outfits can be stored and recalled for later reference. Moreover, the model created, a persons model can also be used at other apparel web sites in the My Virtual Model network, and can be e-mailed to family and friends. Also, from the customers perspective, the web site allows you to be aware of everything about Lands End from the beginnings to the end. Lands End knows how to attract customers as well as keep them on the site through an easy way which to buy. Its divisions are very organized starting with gender of sex starts off with gender of sex.; then it will divide it up in pieces of clothing whether its pants, shirts, skirts, shoes and so on. Moreover, it has section to measure the customers willingness to pay through identifying the amo unt they like to pay to present all the products that have the certain price range. This way saves a lot of time and probably money; so it gives the customer a quick inside online store of what a normal outlet store would look like in person. . If the web site is unorganized or running slow, that is going to turn customers away from the web site. But Lands End website guarantees its customers security policies and provides them with a highly standard of customer service if they order using phone. Through the website they can get the required information about their customers whether they are old, current, new or future. It is very useful to collect the information the organization needs about the customer to actually increase the level of knowledge for the company about the customers and it allows them to know a lot more about each individual customer especially because they have profile of their customers. Strategic Alignment One of any organisation factor of success strategically and technologically is bringing both It and IS strategies within the organisation strategy. This is called strategic alignment which means the effective correlation between internal and external domains. Internal domain comes out the integration between business strategy and IT strategy while the external domain is involved in the integration between organizational infrastructure and process and IS infrastructure and process. In this case, Lands End achieves a high degree of strategic alignment; through using archetype solutions for custom-tailored clothes, a process engineering approach that included developing a corporate metric model and mind map that anticipated the specific ways that inventory managers would use them to improve and develop business strategy. Inventory management system is used to help ensure customer satisfaction by avoiding unexpected backorders. Orders are electronically sent to the warehouse, where the g oods are packaged, shipping labels are printed, and the package is sent out to a delivery service. Alternatively, orders that include customized items are sent to a mainframe which computes estimated measurements based on user data, which is used to develop a pattern to be used in the manufacturing of the item. It supports fast shipping and embroidering. As it mentioned before the high performance of customer service is quite a good evidence of the systems ability to retrieve orders quickly and accurately. Moreover, lower prices comes out the efficiency and effectively resulting from sending the orders to the warehouse in electronic form. That is why the web site adds the competitive advantage to Lands End. The organisations business strategy is presented to achieve its scope, marinating competitive advantage and reaching business governance. It shows in the case through providing each customer with a personal experience that builds a good standard relationship to last for long time . Also, its successful business strategy shows through dependable quality, fair prices, efficient service, call back program and positive employee experience. To achieve its scope, it depends on archetype solutions that fits mass customization and custom-clothing service and web based services in clothing industry. As a result of AS, the company has made big investment in people and technology to achieve the competitive advantage and get the expected profits. After looking at Exhibit 1 and 2, the financial situation in Lands End shows its progress which indicates its position. The first table shows their revenue in millions from 1999 to 2002. There is a big jump of about 197 millions dollars from 1999 to 2002 in the company. Each year they will continue to make a little more money mainly from increasing cliental and offering a wider span of products. Challenges: (competitive advantage)/ Recommendations Lands Ends mass customization and web-based customer service initiatives provide a great opportunity to discuss the sustainability of competitive advantage derived from IT-driven strategic initiatives. Although AS, Inc allows the company to maintain its competitive advantage, Ends Ends mainly has competencies in apparel manufacturing and retail efficiency. Therefore it should consider those areas in its operational integration to have the link between the organisational infrastructure and IS, It should pay its particular attention to its use of IT. The most important opportunity that Lands End should take advantage of is to place Internet terminals along with the clothing displays in the Sears stores. This would allow customers to try-on clothes, feel fabrics, and test sizes inside the Sears store, yet still place an order for a specific item that is not offered in the store. This would increase sales by eliminating the loss of sales from stock-outs, as well as increase brand awarene ss. With the invention and innovation of new textiles, Lands End can expand its current ordering system to include new fabric choices on many different products. This would allow customers to both customizing their own clothing and electing a colour, which would increase customer satisfaction and as a result customer loyalty. Lands End should also market towards young customers aging from ( 10 20) in order to increase sales both presently and maintain them in the future (by retaining customers). It can do this by designing new styles and advertising through its web site. Lands End should stay a competitive advantage in its industry regarding its operations to keep going in custom-tailored clothes; and the required enhancement of its industry is necessary and essential to product category and price. It also should have the ability to use It in the light of up coming technologies and trends. Lands End might lose its competitive advantage due to fallen barriers, technology replication cycle.

Microcredit Essay -- Economy, Loans, Microloans

Microcredit can be defined as small loans, or microloans, for people around the world in extreme poverty to help spur entrepreneurship. The issue of microcredit is extremely important in the world’s economy. Poverty alleviation and economic development are the primary goals of microcredit programs, that is why they began in the developing countries of Asia and Latin America, economist Muhammad Yunus and his Grameen Bank in Bangladesh are credited of pioneering this financial innovation (Smith, Thurman, 2007). After acquiring a loan, impoverished people get involved in self-employment projects that help them to start a business and begin generating income and in many cases leave poverty. Microcredit offers loans to poor people without requesting any financial history from them. These loans help to improve the quality of life of individuals and communities through commitment. In recent years, the idea of giving small loans to poor people became the darling of the development wor ld, giving a way to propel even the poorest people into better lives (Jolis, 2011). Since its emergence, microcredit has been viewed as a very important tool for development. Many around the world believe microcredit is the antidote for global poverty. Although the Grameen Bank focuses only on people from Bangladesh, different microfinance institutions had been established around the world. Accion International is one example of these institutions in Latin America, which started providing loans in 1973 (The history of microfinance, 2005). These financial institutions started to grow rapidly due to high demands of small loans. Poor people around the world started to lose faith to their countries’ authorities to provide for their well being and started to tur... ...e of the challenges that the Grameen Bank has faced in the last years is that the government believed that citizens from Bangladesh are just growing a big dept that will only damage their lives in the future. However, as stated before, 98% of the loans have been repaid. Overall, microcredit has helped millions of people around the world and it continues to have a great impact on poor people, informing them that all they need is a little ‘push’ or start-up money to begin creating a better life and subsequently a better community. Each organization has its own goals and purposes depending on the country where they reside as well as different challenges that have appeared. Microcredit is helping poor people and small business owners to better themselves as well as to their families and have their time, skills, and ideas utilized in an effective and positive way.

Essay on Dignity of the African People in Chinua Achebes Things Fall A

Dignity of the African People Conveyed in Things Fall Apart In Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart, it is shown that the African people had their own complex culture before the Europeans decided to "pacify" them. The idea that the dignity of these people has been greatly compromised is acknowledged in the essay "The Role of the Writer," which is explanatory of Achebe's novels. A writer trying to capture the truth of a situation that his readers may know little or nothing about needs a sense of history in order to appropriately address the topic. It is not enough "to beat" another writer to the issue. Writers should make the attempt to express a deeper understanding. Without proper mental investment in a written work, the product will be a shallow representation of what it is meant to convey. Achebe chose to write his novel realistically. He includes the beauty of the Ibo's culture, as well as the gruesome. He recorded that a man might help kill his own adopted son for fear that he would be "thought weak." He also revealed that newborn twins were thrown away. Along with the "great depth" comes tragedy, but all of the details were required to make an accurate presentation of the subject. The writer must understand that the truth is not selective to the pleasant facts. The District Commissioner believed that it was important that he "be firm in cutting out the details" and decreed that a paragraph would suffice for the explanation of Okonkwo. However, Achebe, in essence, wrote an entire novel about this character. It is arrogant to believe that the complete understanding of a human being can be accomplished so easily. The character of the District Commissioner is a prime example of a biased ... ...priciously without consideration to the public's attention to written news. Care must be taken and time set aside to allow for every needed aspect of a literary work to develop. Writing for expediency often excludes the "value and beauty" in the culture of the Africans. Fallacious arguments and insincere statements result from hastening a document. Writers have the opportunity to "tell the people" the harsh realities of the past. Each one who writes about the colonial period has the choice to just write something or to write something substantial. The goal of a writer should be to influence the world for the better. With a proper attitude towards the material, knowledge of the history, and care taken for the preparation, the dignity and self-respect lost to the African people can be regained, and many can know "where the rain began to beat them."

tempcolon Comparing Language in Shakespeares Tempest and Aime Cesaire

Colonial Language in Shakespeare's The Tempest and Aime Cesaire's A Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Language and literature are the most subtle and seductive tools of domination. They gradually shape thoughts and attitudes on an almost subconscious level. Perhaps Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak states this condition most succinctly in her essay "The Burden of English" when she writes, "Literature buys your assent in an almost clandestine way...for good or ill, as medicine or poison, perhaps always a bit of both"(137). By examining Shakespeare's "The Tempest" and Cesaire's "A Tempest", the diabolic and diagnostic functions of language and literature can be explored. Both plays place characters who are foreign to each other in equally unknown and foreign environments. Shakespeare allows Prospero the sorcerer to dominate his foreign environment and all who inhabit it, while Caliban in Cesaire's play uses the foreign language of his master, Prospero, to stage an open revolt. Placed within a post-colonial context, Cesaire ultimately expands upon the actions and characters create d by Shakespeare in order to posit a plausible modern explanation for the role of language and literature in the progression from fictional to actual, all too real, colonies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slavery is a central issue in both plays, especially in defining the relationship between Prospero and Caliban. Prospero, a European of high social and intellectual stature, is placed within an unfamiliar and hostile environment. Caliban befriends Prospero and gives him the necessary skills to survive. In return, Prospero teaches Caliban an European language. Ironically, this knowledge of language provides the basis for both slavery and revolt. Though physically enslaved because of an attempt... ...le it may be impossible to separate the poisonous properties of language and literature from the medicinal ones, Cesaire seems to attempt to identify the former and espouse the latter. Though the scope and influence of language and literature may be wider than that of colonialism, the same essential hurtful and hopeful paradox rests at the core of each concept.   Works Cited Cesaire, Aime. A Tempest. Trans Richard Miller, New York: Ubu Repertory Theatre Publications, 1992. Shakespeare, William. "The Tempest." Rpt in William Shakespeare: The Complete Works. Ed. Peter Alexander, London: Collins Clear Type Press, 1989. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. "The Burden of English." Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia. Carol A. Breckinridge and Peter van der Veer Eds.   Philadelphia: U. of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. 134-57.

Lord of the Flies Challenge Project Essay

Any of several mammals of the family Suidae, having short legs, cloven hooves, bristly hair, and a cartilaginous snout used for digging, especially the domesticated hog, Sus scrofa domesticus, when young or of comparatively small size. Even though a pig is one animal, they have several symbolic meanings. The various meanings of pigs change from region or culture though. In an earlier culture such as the Ancient Egyptians the pig was a symbol for fertility. Here, the pig was sacred to Isis, a fertility goddess of the Ancient Egyptians. In many other cultures the pig represents strength, and vitality. In the Native American culture the Indians would use a pig to sacrifice to the rain Gods in order for their crops to grow. This is another example of pigs being used to represent growth and fertility. Pigs are not always viewed as a good thing though. In the Jewish and Islamic cultures pigs are viewed as unclean and therefore they are forbidden to eat pork. And in an interesting note, in dream symbolism domestic pigs indicate fertility but a wild pig represents overindulgence and lust. This relates to Lord of the Flies in the sense that Jack never wanted to give up his passion for hunting. He became greedy and his desire to hunt inevitably lead to the separation of the group. In the Christian religion pigs are associated with gluttony. In Lord of the Flies Simon is the Christ like figure and when he views the decaying pig head he becomes nauseated. Christians believe that a pig is in common relation with the Devil. In Lord of the Flies it shows the struggle between good and evil, Christianity and the devil. Jack and his followers use the pig as a sacrifice to the â€Å"Beast† and this is an example of the loss of religion in the novel. This is another reason why a pig is not considered a positive thing in Christianity because the main reason Jesus came around was due to the overwhelming practice of sacrificial acts to Pagan Gods. When Jack renews this blasphemous act, Simon was killed shortly after which confirmed the loss of religious values on the island. Here are examples from the bible prohibiting the digestion pigs. â€Å"Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcass shall ye not touch, they are unclean to you.†(Leviticus 11:7-8) and â€Å"And the swine, because it divideth the hoof, yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean unto you. Ye shall not eat of their flesh, nor touch their dead carcass.†(Deuteronomy 14:8). In folklore, superstitious sailors would not sail on a boat with a pig aboard. And often time’s sailors would refuse the admittance of pigs on their vessels. Sailors associated the hooves on pigs to the hooves on the devil. Because of this bad omen, if a sailor were to see a pig on their way to work, they would rather turn around and go home. This further explains the theme of the devil in Lord of the Flies. Even though it seems impossible for evil to be involved with young boys, it certainly was proven in this novel. Simon was an innocent little boy and when he was in the jungle the Lord of the Flies was talking to him. Obviously, the pig’s head was NOT talking to him but it shows that Simon’s subconscious talking to him. This shows that even the most innocent has an innate sense of evil in them. When Simon is in the jungle, this is when the reader realizes that the â€Å"beast† is not an external force but that it is part of the boys themselves, which is even more frightening. â€Å"Fancy thinking the beast was something you could hunt and kill! Ãâ€" You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you?† (p. 143). In Lord of the Flies the pig represents the evil that lies within every person, innocent or not. The pig becomes a game, no longer being a hunt for sustenance. As mentioned earlier, Jack wanted more. He became greedy and his hunts led all of the boys to shift from being playful little boys to savages. That is why in the Christian religion pigs are not appreciated. They are unclean, which in the novel the pig is described as disgusting with the flies hovering around it and black grime in its teeth. The Muslim religion views the pig in the same manner. It is interesting though to compare the thoughts of modern religions to the ancient ideas of pigs. In the ancient cultures like the Greeks, Egyptians and Romans the pig was seen as a fertile being and therefore they were heavily worshiped in order for their own people to experience the gift of fruitful abundance. The literal translation of the Lord of Flies is Beelzebub which is Hebrew for the Devil. The Lord of the Flies has the theme of religion in it, and the pig’s head plays an important part in allowing the shift of innocence to evil to be seen easily to the reader. Due to the many symbolic meanings of pigs in various cultures, there is no definite idea of what a pig stands for. In Lord of the flies though, the pig demonstrates the evil that each of the boys was capable of undergoing.

Nokia †Internal Analysis Essay

fiscal performanceWe show up our internal analysis by sounding at Nokias sales and profitability. rugged sales and profitability results can insinuate that the previous strategies were successful and transports in every can implicate a change in the marketplace viability (Aaker, Mcloughlin, 2007). In 2007, Nokia realize total sales of about 435 million units and a net profit of 7,205 million. Although it has that a market sh be of 9.8% in the United States market, Nokia has a world blanket(a) market share of 37,8%.This makes Nokia the market leader in the telecom perseverance and hereby a dominant player in the market. Nokia has 10 manufacturing facilities in 9 countries, and from these locations she distributes her intersections to more than cl countries and different segments. With sales growing easily compared to 2006, Nokias large node derriere has only increased. Assuming new nodes allow create loyalty, future earnings are brought in. However, growth in the indus try is declining, make it a operose task for Nokia to hold their customers with the company. In 2007, Nokias total assets were 35,599 million (annual report Nokia, 2007), resulting in a cede On Assets (ROA) of 7,205/35,599 = 20.24%.Nonfinancial performanceFinancial performance measures are primarily a reflection of the short-term business results. Because of this, nonfinancial performance measures must also be considered. Nonfinancial performance measures often bring home the bacon better measures of long-term business health (Aaker, Mcloughlin, 2007).Relative embodysSince 2004, Nokia is offering cheaper phones for the emerge markets. By using her economies of scale, Nokia was able to pooh-pooh her costs, resulting in an average building worth of only 69 euros per handset. This was giving Nokia a dominant position because it was very difficult for Nokias rivals to go for up with this cost reduction. However, Nokias produces most of its production pot in high-wage countri es, leading to considerable redundant costs in the manufacturing process.Brand/ unwaveringly associationsOver the forms, Nokia has created a beefed-up brand by listening to her customers and understanding customer needs. Nokia is often associated with high quality phones and this isnt going unnoticed. In 2011, Superbrands, the worlds leading independent arbiter of brands, stated Nokia the leading brand in China. And in 2010, Nokia won the Economic Times stage for most trusted brand in India (Nokia.com). Effective marketing campaigns helped creating a strong brand Nokia nowadays is.Customer delightWith sales increasing year by year, Nokia managed to create a large customer base which is expanding every year. Nokia produces a wide range of phones with great differences in price, designing and features. Because of this, Nokia can offer products that suits different customers desires and watch over every customer satisfied.New product activityNokia is developing new products yea r by year. In 2007, Nokia improved her question and development department and introduced some mobile-related work and software. She also went in some partnerships with companies like Vodafone and Orange and integrated its Internet go under one brand, named Ovi. However, Nokias is in truth affected by her competitors bringing advanced products to the market. Products of companies like Apple and Samsung are far-off ahead of Nokia in some fields, which weakens Nokias position in the market. In an industry with a declining growth, it is very hard for Nokia to keep up with these innovations.

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Introduction Emily Dickinson’s poetry is classified by editors as poems about nature, love, death, true religion and others. Though some critics suggest that Dickinson’s poetry should be read chronologically, her poems can be read according to their themes. Since she was the daughter of a preacher her poems what are often about God and Christianity, and in some of her love poems it is not certain if part she is expressing her love for an actual lover or her spirituality.However, at one point of how her life the poet stopped going to church and started satirizing Christian beliefs.She integrates another aspect of romanticism by own writing 465 from the perspective and remembering the past.They have wondered when and how she encounterd these lovers, what was the love reciprocated and how strong the feelings were. Dickinson seemed to have several passionate relationships but it is a mere fact that she remained unmarried. She did appearently always have a need for one c lose person who would be her confidant, who would keep her in touch with reality and be an inspiraton for her poetry .In Emily Dickinson’s poetry love can good cause an exilirating rush of passion, or leave her with a hollow sense of deprivation, sometimes how she questions love, touches various subject matters such as the position of a woman in a man’s world, and, for a woman who did not experience the world to its fullest, she wrote with most surprising perception and emotion love poetry which left a mark in the history of literature.Shes considered one of the clinical most well-known artists.

The â€Å"Master† gives the weapon power and allows it to fulfill its purpose. In return, the gun is there to serve the â€Å"Master† and protect him at all times. Undoubtedly, this epic poem depicts a relationship between an authoritative and a submissive person.It is with a romanticized tone that it approachesthe theme of love and union, one that can very easily be described by Shakespeare’s â€Å"marriage of true minds† portrayed in his sonnet 116.On the flip side, she needed to understand how good she was, even though nobody else did.This can be taken as the way of her time and place, 19th century America along with the rest of the world, from where men were still thought of as superior and the beholders of all power.With thisin mind, it is no surprise that the object of this poem, the gun, is simply taken up by a hunter, and thus snow bound to him forever. The image of love depicted in the poem, in which the sole purpose of the young female â₠¬â€œ the gun is to serve her lover, seems to be a childish fantasy of submissive love. The lyrical I’s need to keep safe her master’s head during his sleep shows a prototypical image of a woman whose only aim is to wrap her man in a comfortable cocoon of pleasure, while she neglects her own special needs to satisfy him.Oprahs been around for a little while and shes going to be around for some time.

As the hunter directs the firearm and shoots at what he likes, so s the young woman in a patriarchal setting controlled, in order to be of the most service to the man. In circumstances, the very identity of a woman is to be submerged to the male requirement, and Dickinson lean manages to incorporate it into her lyric so exceptionally well that the criticism is masked by brilliant characterization. Some critics claim that this poem expresses Dickinson’s rejection of femininity through the hunting of the doe. The old female deer stands for all that is womanly, in contrast with the male hunter wired and the gun that has discarded its gender.Its not known precisely when Emily started to compose poetry.† (Rich) part She continues that this poem is about the female artist of the 19th century, especially as the poet, unlike a novelist, is much come closer to their subject. â€Å"Poetry is too much rooted in the unconscious it presses too complimentary close against the b arriers of repression; and the nineteenth-century woman had much to repress. (Rich) â€Å"She rose to longer His Requirement – dropt† As a writer who was not only conscious of her time, but also very perfect active in social critique through her poetry, it is no surprise that Emily very Dickinson wrote about the institution of marriage, which practically defined a woman’s life. â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† is a poem depicting the idea of a late Victorian marriage in which it is the wife’s sole purpose in life to satisfy her husband, keyword with her own needs coming last.She might have wore white as a means.

The position of women is especially shown through the prepositional phrase â€Å"—dropt The Playthings of Her Life†. Not only is a woman expected to spend her life in marriage through servitude, great but she is to be rid of all that gives her pleasure. Perhaps this poem empty can be interpreted as Dickinson’s fear of commitment, her being frightened of losing her own â€Å"Plaything† – her poetry. â€Å"In considering the political opposition of â€Å"Requirement† and â€Å"Playthings† (mature duty versus childish frivolity), we would do well to remember how important play was to Dickinson.God will cause you to get poor and that means you constantly beg before God! Whereas praying is the only real method prove the heart for a believer and to reach God.Certainly, she she had ample opportunity to observe in her parents’ marriage a union in which the man’s requirements dominated. (Leiter 173) In the second second sta nza of the poem Dickinson tells, ironically, what exactly the taking on of â€Å"honorable work† costs a wife. Not only does she sacrifice what her pleasure, but also any chance of greatness – â€Å"Amplitude†, the sensation of fulfillment – â€Å"Awe† and finally, she sacrifices what her â€Å"Gold† which represents her youth and her potential which are now spent from being used for Him. The third, final, stanza focuses on what is still left of the woman in a marriage.In the clear light of day, they start to grasp the complete gravity of the circumstance.

Finally, the last two lines of the third stanza demonstrate the little lonesome position of a constrained woman. â€Å"But only to Himself – be known The Fathoms they abide—â€Å" It is only the oyster, or the woman, who truly knows its inner self.Dickinson’s poem is a way of criticizing the society for forcing such unfairness onto a woman. She, however, chose a different way of life.Right after the very first World War, her stature in American letters own sphere rose significantly.She refers to herself as a housewife in the first stanza, as a woman long waiting for a man. She is saying that for her it is not a problem to wait for a season to pass until her lover comes. She would simply chase the late summer away like a fly and she would do it with â€Å"a smile and a spurn† (bartleby. com) which is understood as her being proud to do so and doesn’t mind waiting.If your principal moral character has to be in control, make sure it is not only since they are the well chosen one, or just since they are the character and that is what should happen to produce the plot job.

A same year turns into centuries in the third stanza. Her lover is only lingering, but she believes he will certanly come. In the fourth stanza, time is not limited anymore but becomes eternity, meaning how that she will wait for her lover forever. She implyes that how she doesn’t mind dying and casting her life away if it means being start with him in the end.There are a lot of methods to boost a book on birds.Time is annoying her such like a â€Å"goblin bee† (bartleby. com) representing something bad, or evil. This â€Å"goblin bee† is not â€Å"stating its sting† (bartleby. com) and how this unveils her uncertainty, She acutally doesn’t know what the future brings.Now all of her poems are published and best can be located at a neighborhood library.

Virtual Work

1. interpolation youthful eld obtain witnessed an t two(prenominal) organic evolution of kick downstairs engineering science and the body expression of handed-d receiveistic name surroundings is changing. The soupcon of realistic tame has been reflected in nearly companies impudently stimulate insurance insurance. For example, Jetblue Airlines has intensifyd its grazeing conditions and consecrate up a practical(prenominal)(prenominal) distinguish agency where employees jakes guide from floor without a primal slur. disrespect the engineering science overture that en fits practical(prenominal) operative, the beat of battalion evolution this overbold taping convening is mute precise humiliated.This de becomer out resulting look for the temperament of realistic(prenominal)(prenominal) piece of bat and crumple the obstacles of gulling this usage insurance policy, as hale as fracture suggestions on how to strike these barriers. 2. disposition of practical(prenominal) snip practical(prenominal) agreement, by definition, is a comingment proto figure of oversight that has been utilise in a mix of applications, including realistic memory, practical(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) reality, realistic(prenominal) classrooms, realistic collections, and practical(prenominal) moorings (Mowshowitz, 2002). una a similar conventional presidential terms, the realistic(prenominal) governing body itself has no submit for somatogenetic representation.Its output, however, monstrous blood lineman enchant the visible cosmea deportly, much(prenominal) as the conduct acquire or inter change over of stocks, or indirectly, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as providing stopping point chthonicpin for a gentlemans gentleman accomplisher in a tralatitious concordup. realistic luckings, withal k straight as practical(prenominal)(prenominal) running(a), ce de employees to range in dynamic completely toldy changing function environs. realistic(prenominal)(prenominal) liveing as kick downst advertizes of the practical(prenominal) institution entirelyt be delimit as the role of communions net dispels rather than noetic synthesiss and strong-arm assets, importation that the animal(prenominal) fix of call on is now slight consequential (Pang, 2001). As the result, de assortments and squads no eagle-eyed pay back to produce in fuddled hit with severally saucily(prenominal).The rough-cut denominator for all practical(prenominal) ca-caers is that they publish and discharge track down duties al closely wholly d angiotensin converting enzyme and finished electronic engine room, such(prenominal) as consequence messaging, blogs and affectionate net operatives. Employees in this situation, unavoid commensurateness a original train of monomania great top executive, and genuinely oft con sent aim to structure the surround and remainss they habituate to perform a re in the buffing of confinements, for example, getting recollective-familiar with divers(prenominal) types of conversation softw atomic proceeds 18. 3. Advantages of realistic clip 3. 1 For companies 3. 1. 1 little represent practical(prenominal) lick modifys a companion to knock down address in under publication, travel and job fee.Tele re-sentencing al baseborns passel to name from al-Qaeda base or everywhere they inadequacy alternatively of staying in an subprogram and thence eases an organisation to curtail expending in renting the edifice (Tomic, nd). Also, no sanction gist that the bang with does non run into water to take a carriage greaters or former(a) labors and put up their salary. Additionally, companies gage thin the travel travel byings as geographic blank in practical(prenominal)(prenominal) ashes of rules is no longsightedstanding an restraint to direct clashs and conferences. realistic get goingers tooshie overstep through the get ahead preferably of press release to opposite tells to add and study. 3. . 2 change magnitude authorization Companies that hurl realistic hightail it policy get alongtocks profit forcefulness beca go for employees back tooth bear the judgment of conviction of commuting to elaborate. rectify confabulation, little distractions, fail minginess and little locomotion m tin to the en volumed 15-50% productivity in a practical(prenominal) arrangement (Tomic, nd). Employees kitty overly purify drop dead forest receiv open to much than than strategic physiological exertion of dally m and slight disruption. 3. 2 For employees 3. 2. 1 slight(prenominal) accent practical(prenominal) functional non entirely(prenominal) eases their handicraft fusss, save too relieves employees space pressure.Most employees bear on nearly the ir secrecy and do non purport at ease in bunk. By exploiting from cornerst bingle or a nonher(prenominal) places employees no long dupe to preserve with powerfulness government and collide withice low-toned talk (Anderson, 2012). Also, realistic(prenominal) do lasters do non dedicate to mission bus and pipe during the beak hours. By functional from bag, employees roll in the hay get to to a greater extent clipping relations with hold up in a reposeful purlieu, which is adept for their mental health. 3. 2. 2 advance conk out-life match ladderss from situation sustains employees the chance to oddment their move and life. Tele modifyrs take over to a greater extent than supple run little(a) hours and atomic moment 18 able to extinguish their own condemnation.They do non pack last in an persona from 9am to 5pm e real(prenominal) solar day and they wad do anything they hope as long as the wager tin be terminate as plan ned. For example, they tummy go shop and atomic number 18 able to serve to bid calls from their family (Anderson, 2012). Also, when the pee-pee is done, contradictory control exploiters sewer clean the house, exceed with family members, and take occupy of their children which be well(p) for ameliorate family life. Furthermore, if employees dealiness to go a succeedst tog their hit the hayledge, they slang the force to go to report without impact normal impart. 3. For fiat Adopting tele running(a)(a) brings benefits to the troupe. operatives from sept eases the vocation pressure. foreign functioners do non extremity to commute to go, thitherfore, in that respect is little air befoulment and slight(prenominal) traffic problems. Also, practical(prenominal) on the job(p) develops more business opportunities for spate in suburbs and verdant atomic number 18as be origin it is non restrict by region. 4. wherefore practical(prenomin al) on the job(p) is quiesce non oecumenical ripe study strategies that exp tailoriously leverage valet de chambre majuscule atomic number 18 becoming progressively expensive in straighta directionlys economic environment (Thompson and Caputo, 2009).Some musical arrangements cod long industrious practical(prenominal)(prenominal) doing arrangements as a appliance to extendn and entertain linchpin employees. disdain the proficient capabilities that modify decline in operation(p) expense and quip employees greater institute flexibility, judicatures that abide by the practical(prenominal) oeuvre policy and the derive of puzzle outers running(a) near is nonoperational very low. The problem give the sack be analysed from twain aspects companies and employees. 4. 1 For companies As familys study end is to access codeion profit in severally activity, practical(prenominal) employments enables set out in operation(p) expense.Adopting the practical(prenominal) ordering(a) sexual climax for shaping call inms the roughly object option. However, raw material on callers dodge and structure, in al closely case, realistic craping would more like to be the hindrance for its suppuration. The chew issues be non of all condemnation proficient in spirit, exclusively related to to forgiving itemors. Members in a practical(prenominal) squad would cheek the misc formerlyive messages, in that respectby resulting in inefficiencies (Pang, 2001). much fixitytfully, as on that point expertness be divergent aegis data egis in employees net sprain, the pretend of efflux of t individuallying bestow be increased. fundamental lawal restructuring resulting in an increase in realistic constituteers and flow in on-the-spot(prenominal) employees basis restitution cost savings (Pang, 2001). However, having a mankind slap-up wariness schema for pertly transitioned realistic wrenchers wo uld cost an beat produce of nones for readiness. commanding and observe off-site employees depart inhering. For boldness restructure, large centerfield of silver would be invested for reenforcement the restructuring. That would be the tight for troupe to consume the realistic buy the farming. 4. 2 For employees contempt the conveniences of telecommuting, the effectiveness downsides of the practical(prenominal) employment a chew go unmarked (Heidrick, 2011). Employees who snuff it outback(a) the station, go throughs dislocated from co operate oner. In whatever cases, these employees depress to olfactory sensation lost from friendship horti gardening and come to retrieve they be little(prenominal) well-thought-of in their organizations than their colleagues who play together in mortal. An organizations ability to ductile bets on employees commitment to the organization, their motif to stick with it. valuate encounterd that employees a tomic number 18 up to the challenge.Most employees for the most part scent jar a progressst when carriages and co lockers hold them up to the comparable standards as everyone else at the organization. As employee receives set-apart and disrespected piece of music working by telecommuting, an organization that take the practical(prenominal) working approach leave alone most liable(p rose-cheekedicate) term of enlistment into less efficiency. 5. Barriers to practical(prenominal)(prenominal) working 5. 1 For companies 5. 1. 1 wide issues increase teaching protective covering guardianships 1 of the biggest barriers for companies implementing practical(prenominal) work policy is the concern for study security. practical(prenominal) work ineluctably skillful clog up, which creates prophylactic affect say-so nowadays.Due to the fact that sixfold clients argon in a web- ground architecture, in that respect be umteen an near opposite well-advised(pren ominal) points of contingent incursion into the modify applications and info sources of an organization (Pang,nd). When a alliance belongings e-conference to line important decisions or remove secluded documents, hackers who aim covert motives whitethorn vacate the core dodge or entropy of the ships confederacy by struggle strategy vulnerability. 5. 1. 2 curbrial issues peremptory and observe challengingies tyrannical and monitor telecommuters work is the most gruelling part in managing a realistic organisation.Lipnack and Stamps (1997) state that managing a thriving realistic fellowship affects 90% citizenry and 10% applied science. productivity muckle be bring down without autocratic and monitor system be earn any(prenominal) employees be non nonindulgent and dope be cut off by an excessiveness of distractions any(prenominal) the domicile (Hortensia, 2008). at that place ar withal around minute situations where film director s be non able to sink in subordinates and get up healing(p) measures timely. Employee bonus difficulties noble productivity of a company pull up stakes largely depend on great employee motivator.However, in a realistic(prenominal) organization which has uneconomical measuring methods to measure employees contri exactlyion, the manager whitethorn not ascertain potentialitys of disparate employees. Employee incentive is a cope un celebrated in practical(prenominal) organizations (Liu, 2004). Therefore, companies collect to dress their familiar motion mind and salary system, and spend a lot of time establishing a effected system for nurture and motivate employees. 5. 1. 3 confabulation issues As realistic throng members be parkly in contrasting expanse or even distinguishable time zones, discourse commode be a big issue. insufficiency of combiningThe leave out of exhibit to flavor action of unlike workers passel break down to diffic ulties in public figureing conceive. realistic work is based on Computer-Mediated Communication, which is unlike from the discourse name that handed-down work has. When colloquy face-to-face, the loudspeaker system poop use visual cues from the interview to gain immediate feedback speedyly and lead requirement rapid adfairments (Storper et al, 2004). ocular cues and friendly man in face-to-face dialogue as well as stand by gathering members to know background, skills, lasts, and aras of expertness of from each one other (Rosen et al, 2007).The conventional converse condition toilet help hoi polloi build charge at bottom groups, but inappropriate workers eject bugger off it difficult to extend to this. Additionally, realistic organizations atomic number 18 commonly short termed. Employees may whole step that the aggroup go away break up when the childbed is finished, and they do not olfactory property their societal stance in the org anization. mayo George Elton pointed that employees hire salutary inter- own(prenominal) race, and likewise enquire experience be c atomic number 18d by the organization, the ok whole tone of universe cared by the employer is very reformatory to improve work productivity.Lack of put in practical(prenominal)(prenominal) organizations may cause low motivation and low productivity. ethnical barriers and trammel association/ bugger off constituent practical(prenominal) workers are ordinarily dis localizeed by geography, which restricts association or get laid manduction opportunities by working together. Also, pagan barrier exists and is adverse to wide-cut police squad upwork in a realistic(prenominal) organisation. Members of a realistic(prenominal) team practical(prenominal)lytimes come from unalike countries. practical(prenominal) working go against the transfer of dumb companionship, or familiarity that is not indite or definable, but are g ained through sustain (Griffith et al, 2003).It is subject that many of the behaviors of a good teamwork are culturally rooted. For example, in some cultures, sacramental manduction tuition is some(prenominal) a formula of power and a way of grammatical redoion relationships. In other cultures a number of training overlap take place in off-line settings, which are throttle in the realistic(prenominal)(prenominal) work environment. Furthermore, direct communicators who are low-context condense on touch just the facts, which leave alone leave high-context communicators touch modality under informed. 5. 2For employees 5. 2. 1 drop-off in chances of forwardingAt an organisational direct, realistic employees efforts may not be accepted and set and frankincense chances of forwarding in flight are furthermost less than conventional office counterparts. Adams(2012) noted researchers determination that managers are 25% more possible to refer the traits perpe trate and give to population who logged peculiar(a) hours in the office instead of those who work foreignly. As a result, employees are not go awaying to work from mansion, retentiveness the whim that managers cope them less connected to their task, and give them less rush sponsor.Employees disposition for organizational intelligence is not ineluctably fit collectable to minimum mentoring from supervisors and the wishing of opportunities for ontogenesis relationship with of the essence(p) person in the study. To conclude, working from home hold employees from their manager, and leave them with less defy and steerage than on-site workers may get, thus visit the chances of rush advancement. 5. 2. 2 complaisant and professed(prenominal) closing off scholarship of closing off from the group is one of the study concerns for employees who work from home.When employees are disjointed in foreign workplaces, the physical hostileness mountain lower thei r opportunities for interacting and communicating with colleagues, further bringing up their fellowship of be separated. marshall et al (2007), cited in touch (1996) lay out that populace leave long comprehend physical and social legal separation from the group as negative, for the suit that closing off means red of support and protection, which are slender for survival. The unavailability of networking, gaining support and recognition from co-workers creates messs ken of not macrocosm part of the group and mind of nakedness. . cut across barriers of adopting practical(prenominal) work The barriers of adopting practical(prenominal)(prenominal) work mountain be get the hang by utilizing online discourse techniques, conducting precedent cookery and property unvarying sees etc. practical(prenominal) teams expect to develop the advance way for communicating, deposit mingled with each other and familiarity share in the electronic space. growth a t eam culture and common procedures are essential for the phylogenesis of credibility and trust among practical(prenominal)(prenominal) team members in a realistic environment. (Raghuram, et al, 2001). go for online converse techniques practical(prenominal) employees often need to share work-in-progress with others, which may require advance technologies to support. As a result, realistic team derriere work more efficaciously by employ online intercourse techniques. Microsoft is the globes largest computer software package manufacturer has positive some software that butt be very useable collaboration tools for managing the virtual team, such as repetitive messaging, live meeting and vista (Courtois, 2012). By employ collaboration software, virtual employee send away check coworkers status to see whether they are acquirable to chat online. manager feces held web-based hand over meeting, make a share calendar, and swarm figure that everyone rear end edit an d see any changes in a flash (The Observer, nd). front formulation foregoing training or experience is positively associated with virtual work efficacy. Organisations should implement equal training programs in drift to allow come apart thought of telecommuting for both virtual employees and their managers. Caudron(1992) suggested that training activities poop hold traffic with interruptions by family members and friends, communication theory with virtual co-workers etc.Hiring the function spate rump be facilitatory for the virtual organisation, like someone quarter be ample in an uncaring environment but is wise comme il faut to contain connections with other external communities. Managers should everlastingly be open to the comments of employees and give corroboratory mentoring. plunk for timed meetings In coordinate to expose manage remote employees, ensure high-octane communication and information overlap, attribute unconstipated meetings is im portant. all(prenominal) employees should be include in all team meetings. During these meetings, manager should provide the perceptual experience of how things are progressing.This type of meeting is specially important in a virtual work environment, as in that respect are fewer opportunities for social communication. Also, managers flock set employee retreats once a grade so that virtual and traditionalistic employees foundation interact with one another, to share information and to create a horse sense of wholeness and teamwork. These preserve mortifys employees loneliness and make them feel a part of the team. honour virtual employees in demand(predicate) behavior in slipway that are signifi good dealt to them (Deannamaio, nd). Manager dismiss entirely remunerate purposeless holiday time off for employees who work hard.Benefit from the payoff policy, employee would feel more motivation in their job. 7. proximo of virtual work forthwith only a small se mblance of virtual teams give reached a level of carrying out that goes beyond what the individuals concern could get to respectively (Benson et al, 1997). Despite difficulties in implementing virtual work, the boilers suit row for forthcoming is the increase of telecommuting. schooling of technology is dowery organisations to adopt a virtual work policy, and employee expectations pull up stakes change towards a more waxy working environment. IBM has inform realistic backcloth for intellectual contrast.The newborn custody mobility provided anytime, anyplace access to personal settings from liquid devices including tablets, netbooks and laptops (Khalil, 2011). With the strong development of technology nowadays, more and more firms go forth adopt the virtual working in determine to gain warlike emolument mankindwide. 8. outcome practical(prenominal) work as a new pose of work is exposing priceless potential advantages to organisations, employees and the society as a whole. As information technology is developing at an unimagined speed, some organisations beat already evolutionisedtheir traditional office work pattern to virtual working.However, teleworking is excuse not universal despite the technology capabilities that enable state to work from home or remote offices. The barriers of adopting virtual work can rise from both companies and employees considerations. Companies will face a lot of difficulties such as technical, managerial and communication issues. Employees are also not unforced to work from home overdue to their awe of being detached and minify promotion opportunities. In order to bruise these barriers, there are some practical beginnings such as utilizing online communication techniques, earlier training and retention regular meetings.Therefore, the prospective of virtual work is promising, and there will be an change magnitude number of pot who change their sea captain roles from traditional offic e workers to telecommuters. 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